Are Border Crossings Between Uganda and Rwanda Open?

For travelers planning to explore East Africa’s rich tapestry of landscapes, wildlife, and cultures, the question of border crossings between Uganda and Rwanda is an important one. These two countries, located at the heart of the region, share a deep historical connection and form part of one of Africa’s most popular safari circuits. Many adventurers combine gorilla trekking in Uganda’s Bwindi Impenetrable Forest with cultural or scenic experiences in Rwanda’s Volcanoes National Park or Kigali, taking advantage of their close proximity and shared tourism routes.

However, the relationship between Uganda and Rwanda has experienced periods of tension in the past, which temporarily affected border operations and cross-border travel. Fortunately, things have significantly improved in recent years. Today, travelers can cross between Uganda and Rwanda with ease, making it entirely possible to enjoy a seamless multi-country safari.

This article provides an updated, detailed look at the current status of border crossings, what travelers should know before crossing, which routes are open, visa and COVID-19 requirements, and how to make the most of a combined Uganda–Rwanda itinerary.

The Background: A Brief History of Uganda–Rwanda Border Relations

Uganda and Rwanda share a long border that stretches for nearly 170 miles (270 kilometers), connecting the two nations both geographically and culturally. The two countries have traditionally had strong trade, political, and tourism ties. Many East African itineraries once relied on the open movement between Rwanda’s capital, Kigali, and Uganda’s southwestern tourism regions such as Bwindi, Kisoro, and Lake Bunyonyi.

However, in February 2019, Rwanda temporarily closed its main border at Gatuna (Katuna) due to political disagreements and trade disputes. This affected travelers and cargo movement, forcing those who wished to move between the two countries to use alternate routes, mainly Cyanika and Mirama Hills.

The partial closure impacted cross-border tourism for a time, as many visitors traveling between Rwanda’s Volcanoes National Park and Uganda’s Bwindi or Mgahinga had to navigate new logistical challenges.

Thankfully, after diplomatic negotiations and improved regional cooperation under the East African Community (EAC), the situation changed for the better. By January 2022, the Gatuna–Katuna border was officially reopened, followed by the full resumption of normal cross-border movement in subsequent months.

Current Status: Yes, the Borders Are Open

As of today, all major border crossings between Uganda and Rwanda are open to both citizens and international travelers. You can freely cross by road between the two countries at multiple points, provided you have the correct travel documents. There are no restrictions for tourists, and border operations run smoothly for passenger vehicles, private transfers, and tour operators.

This means travelers can once again plan multi-country safaris that include gorilla trekking in Uganda and cultural or city tours in Rwanda — or the other way around. The reopening has also revived regional trade, air travel connections, and shared tourism projects such as the East Africa Tourist Visa, which allows entry into both countries (and Kenya) under one unified visa.

Main Border Crossings Between Uganda and Rwanda

There are three main border points between Uganda and Rwanda that are currently operational for tourists and cargo. Each serves different routes, and your choice depends on your safari itinerary and destination.

1. Gatuna (Katuna) Border – Main Highway Route

The Gatuna–Katuna border post connects Kabale (Uganda) with Gicumbi and Kigali (Rwanda) and is the busiest and most direct route between the two capitals. This border is ideal for travelers heading to or from Kigali or Lake Bunyonyi and has fully resumed normal operations since its reopening.

The drive from Kigali to Kabale takes about 3–4 hours, depending on traffic and border formalities. Roads are well-paved, and this crossing is suitable for private vehicles, safari jeeps, and buses.

2. Cyanika Border – Scenic Route via Kisoro

The Cyanika border connects Kisoro (Uganda) to Musanze (Rwanda) near Volcanoes National Park. It’s the most convenient route for travelers on gorilla trekking safaris who want to combine Bwindi Impenetrable Forest or Mgahinga Gorilla National Park in Uganda with Rwanda’s Volcanoes National Park.

The crossing process at Cyanika is typically smooth and efficient, and the scenic drive through the Virunga mountain range makes it a favorite among safari travelers. Many operators use this route for tourists doing double gorilla treks across both countries.

3. Mirama Hills (Ntungamo) – Kagitumba Border

The Mirama Hills–Kagitumba crossing connects Uganda’s Ntungamo District to Nyagatare (Rwanda) in the eastern part of the countries. It’s a newer and less congested border, ideal for travelers connecting between Uganda’s Lake Mburo or Queen Elizabeth National Park and Rwanda’s Akagera National Park.

This crossing is part of the One Stop Border Post (OSBP) system, which speeds up immigration and customs procedures for both sides.

Entry Requirements for Crossing the Uganda–Rwanda Border

To cross between Uganda and Rwanda, you’ll need valid travel documents and meet certain entry requirements. These include:

1. Passport

A valid passport with at least six months’ validity is required for all international travelers. Ensure you have blank pages for entry and exit stamps on both sides of the border.

2. Visa

The easiest option for tourists is the East Africa Tourist Visa (EATV), which allows multiple entries across Uganda, Rwanda, and Kenya for up to 90 days. It costs USD 100 and can be obtained from the country you first enter.

Alternatively, you can apply for single-entry visas for each country, but the EATV is much more convenient for multi-country safaris.

For citizens of the East African Community (EAC), national IDs are sufficient to cross the border.

3. COVID-19 and Health Regulations

As of 2024, both countries have relaxed most COVID-19 travel restrictions. Travelers are not required to present PCR tests or vaccination certificates unless otherwise stated by new updates. However, it’s advisable to carry proof of yellow fever vaccination, which remains a standard requirement in the region.

4. Vehicle and Customs Regulations

If traveling by private car or safari vehicle, ensure your tour operator has the proper COMESA insurance, vehicle logbook, and temporary importation documents. Tour companies such as Muhiga Safaris handle these formalities for you, making cross-border transfers seamless.

What to Expect at the Border

Border crossings between Uganda and Rwanda are generally straightforward, though the experience can vary slightly depending on the crossing point.

You’ll need to check in with immigration on both sides, present your passport and visa, and answer routine questions about your travel purpose. For organized safaris, your driver-guide will assist you through the process.

At the Cyanika and Mirama Hills borders, queues are usually shorter, while Gatuna can be busier during weekends or holidays. It’s wise to plan for 30–60 minutes for the full procedure.

Combining Uganda and Rwanda on One Safari

With borders now open, combining Uganda and Rwanda in one trip is easier than ever — and highly recommended. The two countries complement each other beautifully, offering contrasting yet connected experiences.

You can begin in Kigali, Rwanda, one of Africa’s cleanest and most vibrant capitals, then travel north to Volcanoes National Park for gorilla trekking. From there, it’s only a short drive across the Cyanika border to Uganda’s Bwindi Impenetrable Forest, where you can trek another gorilla family or enjoy community and cultural encounters.

Alternatively, travelers can start in Entebbe, Uganda, explore Queen Elizabeth National Park or Lake Bunyonyi, and then continue into Rwanda for a Kigali city tour before flying out.

This kind of cross-border safari circuit gives travelers access to more parks, diverse landscapes, and greater flexibility in scheduling activities.

Benefits of Cross-Border Travel Between Uganda and Rwanda

• Convenience: Short driving distances between major attractions make cross-border safaris highly efficient.

• Diversity: Experience gorillas, golden monkeys, volcanoes, and savannah all within a compact region.

• Scenic Beauty: The Virunga volcanoes, terraced hills, and crater lakes create some of the most spectacular scenery in Africa.

• Cultural Exchange: Encounter different yet intertwined cultures — the Ugandan warmth and Rwandan precision both contribute to an enriching journey.

• Visa Flexibility: The East Africa Tourist Visa simplifies travel across both countries.

Practical Tips for Smooth Travel

• Always carry multiple copies of your travel documents and travel insurance.

• Plan your crossing during daylight hours; border posts typically operate from 6:00 AM to 7:00 PM.

• Confirm your visa and health requirements before travel.

• Use a reputable safari operator who handles all logistics, vehicle permits, and timing.

Final Thoughts

Yes — the borders between Uganda and Rwanda are open, and tourism between the two countries is thriving once again. Whether you’re planning to combine gorilla trekking in Bwindi and Volcanoes, explore the rolling hills of Kigezi and Kigali, or link your trip to Kenya or Tanzania, cross-border travel is safe, efficient, and full of unforgettable experiences.

For the smoothest experience, book your cross-border East Africa safari with Muhiga Safaris. Their team specializes in handling every logistical detail — from permits and transport to border coordination and personalized itineraries. With Muhiga Safaris, you can travel effortlessly between Uganda and Rwanda, immersing yourself in the breathtaking beauty, wildlife, and culture that make East Africa one of the world’s most inspiring destinations.