Species of Gorillas in Africa – Types, Habitats and Conservation

Gorillas are among the most iconic wildlife species in Africa, known for their strength, intelligence, and close resemblance to humans. They are the largest primates in the world and live only on the African continent. Today, gorillas are divided into two main species, each with subspecies that occupy different habitats across Central, East, and West Africa. Understanding the species of gorillas in Africa is key to appreciating their uniqueness and the urgent need for their conservation.

Eastern Gorillas in Africa

The Eastern gorilla is the largest of all gorilla species, found mainly in Central and East Africa. It is further divided into two subspecies.

Mountain Gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei)

Mountain gorillas are the most famous gorilla subspecies, known for inhabiting high-altitude regions. They are found in Uganda’s Bwindi Impenetrable National Park and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park, Rwanda’s Volcanoes National Park, and Virunga National Park in the Democratic Republic of Congo. With thick fur to withstand cold mountain climates, these gorillas are critically endangered but have shown population recovery thanks to strong conservation efforts and eco-tourism.

Eastern Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla beringei graueri)

Also called Grauer’s gorillas, these are native to the tropical forests of eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. They are the largest of all gorilla subspecies, characterized by a robust build and broad jaw. Unlike mountain gorillas, they live in lowland forests, but sadly they remain critically endangered due to habitat loss, mining, and poaching.

Western Gorillas in Africa

The Western gorilla is the most widespread species, living across West and Central Africa. It is divided into two subspecies.

Western Lowland Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla)

This is the most numerous gorilla subspecies, inhabiting dense rainforests in countries like Cameroon, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea, the Republic of Congo, and the Central African Republic. They are slightly smaller than Eastern gorillas, with brownish-gray coats and a reddish crown. Although they are more widespread, their population is still endangered, largely due to hunting and diseases such as Ebola.

Cross River Gorillas (Gorilla gorilla diehli)

The Cross River gorilla is the rarest subspecies, living in a small forested region between Nigeria and Cameroon. With fewer than 350 individuals remaining, they are critically endangered and face severe threats from deforestation and human encroachment. Conservation programs are ongoing, but their population remains extremely fragile.

Where to See Gorillas in Africa

Gorilla trekking is one of Africa’s most thrilling wildlife experiences. Mountain gorillas can be visited in Uganda, Rwanda, and Congo, while Eastern lowland gorillas are trekked in Kahuzi-Biega National Park in Congo. Western lowland gorillas are best seen in Odzala-Kokoua National Park in the Republic of Congo and Dzanga-Sangha Reserve in the Central African Republic. Cross River gorillas, however, are rarely encountered due to their small numbers and remote habitat.

Conservation of Gorillas in Africa

All gorilla species are classified as endangered or critically endangered by the IUCN. Their biggest threats include habitat destruction, poaching, civil unrest in some regions, and infectious diseases. Conservation strategies such as eco-tourism, wildlife law enforcement, community engagement, and international awareness campaigns are helping to safeguard their survival. The recovery of mountain gorillas is a strong example of how conservation can make a difference.